Bureaucratic Institutions in UK

Bureaucracy is one of the oldest forms of leadership and it is a commonly used tool of management. Quintessential bureaucratic organizations operate in accordance with fixed official duties under a hierarchy of authority and by applying a system of rules to be used in decision making† (Peters 76).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Bureaucratic Institutions in UK specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bureaucracy as a system of governance and leadership has been effective in some organizations although it is often criticized for suppressing creativity among individuals. This opinion personal reflection is a discussion on how bureaucracy influences my leadership experience. Bureaucratic organizations can ensure success because they eliminate instances of collision between several centers of power. For instance, the success of the military depends on how orders travel from the commander-in-chief to the foot soldi ers. Consequently, without a bureaucratic system this goal would be difficult to achieve. Another benefit of the bureaucratic system is that it is very easy for the leaders to institute and implement policies. Leaders who operate under bureaucratic systems have the opportunity to bring change to their organizations faster than those who operate under democratic or hybrid models. After exploring the bureaucratic systems, I have come to realize that my leadership competencies would align better with a hybrid system that incorporates both bureaucracy and democracy. Modern democratic systems are trailing behind when it comes to progress and implementation of policies (Choo 330). Consequently, a system that allows leaders to exercise bureaucracy can be valuable to my progressive form of leadership. In a bureaucratic environment, the actions of a leader depend on the validity of his/her policies. Consequently, to be successful within a bureaucratic system I would invest in research and ot her fact-finding tools. This would ensure that my actions are beyond reproach by both my seniors and my subjects. To remain relevant in a bureaucratic system, a leader would need to have excellent negotiation and persuasion skills. Two advantages of embracing a formal system are that it is more inclusive and it is able to dilute the effects of poor leadership. On the other hand, formal leadership creates too many policy-bottlenecks in an organization and it lacks a clear sense of direction.Advertising Looking for assessment on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One of the new realities that leaders are facing involves conflicting parties taking hard-line stands during disagreements (Janis 87). On most occasions, institutions that bear the power to change policies appear ‘aloof’ to the junior and often ‘wronged’ parties. In an article that appears on the â€Å"GP Online† magazin e, junior doctors and medical students in the United Kingdom are protesting against the actions of the National Health Service (NHS). On the other hand, the NHS is taking a low-key approach to the demands of the students (Singer 1). The only practical solution to the protests in the UK is to have both parties come to an agreement about the concerns of the leaders. There are various strategies that can be used in meeting a variety of different challenges. The problems in the UK were sparked by a bureaucratic order that imposed new contracts for all the doctors in training. On the other hand, the committee that represents the doctors walked out of negotiations. It is clear that both conflicting parties are ruthlessly seeking for their survival (Forrester 45). Consequently, the situation presents a challenge that is common in modern leadership where the needs of opponents are barely considered. Another strategy for meeting challenges is by eliminating the element of ‘selfishnessà ¢â‚¬â„¢ in leadership. Without selfishness, it is easy to realize the benefits of well-structured negotiations. Using the knowledge that I have acquired in this course, I can be able to realign leadership with the view of ‘softening’ it thereby eliminating hard-line stances in cases of conflicts (Starcy 11). The mission of higher education and training is often influenced by government officials. However, in cases where student leadership and government leaders cooperate, incidences of conflict are minimal. Works Cited Choo, Wei. â€Å"The knowing organization: How organizations use information to construct meaning, create knowledge and make decisions.† International journal of information management 16.5 (2006): 329-340. Print. Forrester, Jay. â€Å"Policies, decisions and information sources for modeling.† European  Journal of Operational Research 59.1 (2012): 42-63. Print.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Bureaucratic Instit utions in UK specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Janis, Irving Lester. Crucial decisions: Leadership in policymaking and crisis  management, New York: Simon and Schuster, 2009. Print. Peters, Guy. Bureaucratic politics and the institutions of the European Community, Washington DC: Brookings Institution, 2002. Print. Singer, Ron. â€Å"Viewpoint: Government must not Ignore Historic Junior Doctor Protests†. GP Online, 29 September 2015, Web. https://www.gponline.com/viewpoint-government-not-ignore-historic-junior-doctor-protests/article/1366365. Starcy, John. â€Å"Changing theories of leadership and leadership development.†Ã‚  Leadership in organizations: Current issues and key trends 6.5 (2004): 11-12. Print. This assessment on Bureaucratic Institutions in UK was written and submitted by user Lilia Ramos to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Grammar Tips Using the Past Tense - Get Proofed!

Grammar Tips Using the Past Tense - Get Proofed! Grammar Tips: Using the Past Tense The past includes everything that has ever happened. And with every second that passes, the past gets bigger and bigger! As such, there’s plenty of stuff in the past we might want to write about. Lucky for us, then, we have the past tense to talk about things in the past. But to make sure your work is error free, you need to know how to use the different forms of this tense. We explain all here (with a little help from Isaac Newton). Isaac Newton: A man from the past. Simple Past Tense The most basic form is the simple past tense. We use this to discuss something that both began and ended in the past: Isaac Newton invented the cat flap. Here, for example, we use the simple past tense verb â€Å"invented† to show that the act of invention occurred entirely in the past. Most simple past tense verbs are, like â€Å"invented,† formed by adding â€Å"-ed† to the end of a base verb (e.g., invent → invented). However, you need to watch out for irregular verbs that don’t fit this pattern, such as â€Å"swim† (simple past tense = swam). Past Continuous Tense As the name suggests, the past continuous tense is used to refer to an ongoing action in the past: Newton was sitting under a tree. The key phrase here is â€Å"was sitting,† which combines the simple past tense â€Å"was† with the present participle â€Å"sitting.† This gives us a sense of a continuous action (â€Å"sitting†) occurring in the past. That apple looks a little loose to us, Isaac. The past continuous tense can also be used to frame another action: Newton was sitting under a tree when an apple fell to the ground. The past continuous â€Å"was sitting† here describes an action that is then interrupted by something else. We can therefore see the difference between the ongoing â€Å"was sitting† and the sudden fall of the apple, which is described using the past simple verb â€Å"fell.† Past Perfect Tense We use the past perfect tense to describe something that happened before, up until, or since something else. It is formed by combining the word â€Å"had† with a past participle: Newton had studied many subjects by the time he graduated. The key here is a sense of completion: the past perfect phrase â€Å"had studied† implies that the action had finished by the point the second part of the sentence occurred. Past Perfect Continuous Tense The past perfect continuous tense combines the past perfect and past continuous tenses. It is therefore most commonly used to describe an ongoing action that occurred before something else. We form the past perfect continuous tense by combining â€Å"had been† and a present participle: Newton had been acting as Master of the Royal Mint for five years when he was knighted. Here, we get the sense of a continuous action from the present participle â€Å"acting.† But the â€Å"had been† gives it a sense of completion similar to the perfect tense. The result is that â€Å"had been acting† frames the later action of being â€Å"knighted.†

Somalia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Somalia - Research Paper Example Since this time there has been social and political turmoil consisting of factions of ethnic and political sides battling each other for supremacy, in 1991 the northern clans declared an independent Republic of Somaliland which though it is not recognized as a nation by the world has maintained a stable existence. Currently the leader accepted by the world of Somalia is Sheikh SHARIF Sheikh Ahmed who was elected by expanded parliament in 2009; his goal is to transition Somalia into a representative government. (Somalia) With much of the nation outside of the northern section in chaos this will be a difficult task. Pirate activity, chaos in the streets and a complete lack of infrastructure or basic necessities in many other locations throughout the nation will make it difficult at best to re-establish a representative government. Unfortunately, there is not much known regarding the actual approaches being used to re-establish the government in Somalia. Government: Somalia should form a government to allow stabilization to occur within the nation itself. By forming a representative government the various current warlords and power figures can work together to provide what is best for the people within the borders of this nation. A representative government allows the people to first elect their representatives and to agree on who they should send to the central governing body. After arriving it is then the duty of the representative to truly represent the needs and desires of the people that elected them. The representative in this case should be very communicative with the people that have sent them, simply because due to the current state of affairs in this nation if communication lapses it could cause additional strife or result in miscommunications which could result in far more violence and crime. The principles following this initial gathering should be given a concrete status so as to assist in the formation of a single formative governing body. According to Bernard Manin, â€Å"By principles I do not mean abstract, timeless ideas or ideals, but concrete institutional arrangements that were invented at a particular point in history and that, since that point, have been observable as simultaneously present in all governments described as representative† (Manin 4). It becomes necessary to ensure that the people who are submitting to this government are both fully aware of it and embrace the idea. Unless this is made clear with the people there will continue to be internal strife resulting in and not limited too civil war, as a result it is of the utmost importance that they understand what it is that is being attempted. Piracy: Piracy and Somalia are seemingly synonymous in the international business world, and while it is true that many incidents have occurred recently involving Somalian pirates the entire nation of people cannot be judged by such a relative few actions. Recently within the first few months of 2011 over 140 att acks were registered worldwide as a result of Somalian pirates. And while there is a large group of ships patrolling these waters, â€Å"More than 20 naval vessels now patrol the coast of Somalia as part of multinational coalition established in December 2008. The flotilla includes ships from the EU, U.S. and NATO, as well China and Russia† (Rai). Because over 40% of the entire world’s oil supplies are transported through this area the