James Joyce s The Odyssey And Ulysses - 1622 Words

Ulysses is arguably one of James Joyce’s most famous literary works. At least, the obscene sexual nature of Ulysses is notorious in itself. Indeed, it is widely considered that the novel was a scandal when it first appeared serialized in 1918. However, some consider that the epic â€Å"is still a scandal, nearly a century after its first publication. For something is missing† . Critics claim the missing element is romanticism and in this essay, the absence of mythical authority. The use of myth romanticizes Odysseus’ journey home while, the crude description sex confronts the reader with the primal realism of life. The lack of godly intervention deflects the blame onto Leopold Bloom for the distance in his marriage. Sex simultaneously represents the distancing factor in his marriage and the process of return to marital intimacy. The â€Å"Naussica† episode exemplifies this and it will be the primary focus of this essay. In both texts, The Odyssey and Ulys ses, book thirteen is a scene of return. Thus we can see, the sexual acts which replace mythological elements, which are absent in Ulysses, mutually illuminate the process of return in both texts. In the absence of mythical authority Bloom is searching for sexual intimacy. Feeling detached from his wife, Molly, Bloom finds sexual comfort through other women. While the â€Å"Nausicaa† episode can be seen as return to sexual intimacy, Joyce contrasts the physical relief of masturbating with the spatial distance between Bloom and Gerty. TheShow MoreRelated How James Joyce Challenges His Readers in Ulysses and Finnegans Wake2592 Words   |  11 PagesHow James Joyce Challenges His Readers in Ulysses and Finnegans Wake      Ã‚   In the history of written literature, it is difficult not to notice the authors who expand their readers style and manner of reading. 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Homer’s stories are old and probably translated differently than their original telling. Homer’s The Iliad and The Odyssey still show the basic human emotions and are an inspiration to other authors, poets, and oral presenters. Homer was forgotten, but now Homer’s existence is almost legend. According to Cynthia Shelmerdine, August Wolf Friedrich, a German scholar, debated that more than one person wrote The Iliad and The Odyssey. Wolf believed that The Iliad and The Odyssey were writtenRead More Comparing the Symbology and Imagery in T. S. Eliot’s Poetry Essay1481 Words   |  6 Pages In the poems â€Å"The Love Song by J. Alfred Prufrock,† written in 1910, published in 1915, and â€Å"Rhapsody on a Windy Night,† written in 1917, both of which were written by poet and literary-critic T. S. Eliot, the symbolism and imagery of the women represented in mythological means, the locations and landscapes that both protagonists wander through or plan on going to, and the nature that is used in both poems are very similar, yet uniquely different. â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† is aboutRead MoreThe Bronze And Iron Age Essay2093 Words   |  9 Pagesacross dangero us seas to found new city states in alien lands. Greeks believe that that heroic society described by Homer flourished at a time corresponding to the 13th or early 12th century in our chronology. Homers greatest works are the Iliad and Odyssey. The both tell the story of heroes trying to survive their way through war and other things. Here is just an example of Homer’s poetry â€Å"He cast on the fire bronze which is weariness, and tin with it and valuable gold and silver and thereafter setRead MoreSamuel Beckett ¨s Novel Molloy and Its Particular Style, Theme and Similarities to Author James Joyce1214 Words   |  5 Pages There’s no question Samuel Beckett was deeply influenced by the avant-garde style of fellow Irish novelist James Joyce when writing Molloy. Both Beckett and Joyce allude to the classics (Dante’s Purgatorio and Homer’s Odyssey, respectively) and both extensively employ interior monologue to often similar effect. Even so, Beckett, ev er aware of the shadow cast by his former mentor, also attempted to eschew Joycean tendencies in his works, as demonstrated in Molloy. Here, not only does Beckett entirelyRead MoreGreek Mythology s Influence On The Arts And Literature Of Western Civilization2652 Words   |  11 Pagesstories. Today the Greek myths are known primarily from written Greek literature such as the Iliad and the Odyssey. These classic epics—long, narrative poems praising heroic deeds—are said to have been written by the poet Homer. He may have flourished in the 9th or 8th century BC. The Iliad, set during the Trojan War, recounts the story of the wrath of the Greek warrior Achilles. The Odyssey tells of the long wanderings and adventures of Odysseus, king of Ithaca, as he travels home from the war. TheRead MoreThe Lotus Eater2754 Words   |  12 Pagesupon its hypotext, missing which we can hardly expect to get at what it really comes to convey. II In Odyssey IX, 84, when Odysseus and his men landed on the island of the lotus-eaters, they began doing as the natives did, eating the lotus flowers. This caused them to sleep and stop caring about ever going home. Finally, Odysseus managed to rescue himself from the apathy and set sail. Ulysses tells how adverse north winds blew him and his men off course as they were rounding Cape Malea, the southernmostRead MoreRelationship Between Sexuality And Identity2496 Words   |  10 Pagesrelationship. Through the use of visual comic pictures and writing, the books central themes challenge cultural norms of sexual and gender identity. It questions how associated a daughters open lesbian identity is with her fathers closeted gay one. Bechdel s sexual discovery throughout the book, is always linked to her father Bruces sexual identity and it is possible to say that it had an effect on her own sexuality. She provides the reader with a sample of the identity struggle both her and her father sufferedRead MoreGreek Mythology8088 Words   |  33 Pages  Four  children  of  Zeus  and  one  child  of  Hera  joined  the  Olympian  gods  Zeus,  Hera,   Poseidon,  Hades,  Hestia,  Demeter,  and  Ares.  Zeus’s  Olympian  offspri ng  were  Apollo,  Artemis,  Hermes,   and  Athena.  Hera  gave  birth  to  Hephaestus.   A4   The  Offspring  of  Zeus Zeus s  Consorts  and  Offspring   Zeus,  the  ruler  of  the  Greek  gods,  had  many  relationships  with  Greek  goddesses  and  mortal  women  that  resulted   in  offspring.  Zeus  even  gave  birth  to  a  child  without  a  mother—Athena,  the  goddess  of  wisdom,  sprang  from  his   head

Drug Trafficking And Its Effects On The American Civil War

The history of drug trafficking goes back to the nineteenth century when drugs like heroin, cocaine and morphine were introduced into society and exposed people to the dangers of abuse and addiction. The US began adopting restrictions on drug use, distribution and trafficking both locally and the international production of coca and opium crops, but it also elicited a massive kickback from drug cartels. In the 1850s, Chinese immigrants introduced opium smoking when they came to California. By the 1890s, opium dens were common in American society. Opium was then followed by morphine, laudanum, paregoric and codeine. The use of these drugs became even more local with the adoption of the hypodermic syringe. Morphine use actually became popular for pain relief during the American Civil War, resulting in much unwitting addiction. Marijuana use became popular in the 1930s after the price of alcohol increased so much it became unaffordable. It was during this perio d that studies started to emerge documenting the relationship between marijuana use and crime and violence.Mexican drug cartels have received much publicity for the violent manner in which they control the marijuana trade between the United States and Mexico. In the 1960s, substances such as psychedelics, marijuana and amphetamines experienced more widespread use and the government had to develop new laws in order to stop it. This movement of â€Å"modern†Show MoreRelatedBudget And Policy Paper1597 Words   |  7 PagesPaper War on Drugs Bridget Brown, Shaketra Jones, Matt Anderson, Jerry Carter, and Lisa Rivers CJA/464 Matthew Kite October 20, 2014 More than 45 years ago President Richard Nixon announced and declared the nation is at war, that war was the War on Drugs. Nancy Reagan campaigned heavily in the fight against drug use as well; her fight was that of teaching young children the slogan of â€Å"Just Say No†. 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Everyone from the African Americans, children, women, and grown men have been victims of this color-blind crime. No one is quite sure how many African slaves were forced into America but the number is estimated to be between 92,000 and 291,126 between the U.S.’s birth of a nation and the Civil War (Ingersoll, 2005)Read MoreHuman Trafficking And The Civil Rights Movement909 Words   |  4 Pagesabused in one of the greatest civil rights violations in human history. Modern slavery; better known as human trafficking, is currently spanning the globe and affecting millions of people in hundreds of countries but is widely ignored by society. According to a reporter for National Geographic Magazine, â€Å"There are more slaves today than were seized from Africa in four centuries of the trans-Atlantic slave trade. The modern commerce in humans rivals illegal drug trafficking in its global reach and theRead MoreThe Drug Of Drug Abuse1143 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica has been fighting drug abuse for over a century. Four Presidents have waged a â€Å"War on Drugs† and unfortunately, thi s war continues to be lost at an alarming magnitude. Drug abusers continue to fill our courts, hospitals, and prisons. The drug trade causes violent crime that ravages our neighborhoods. Children of drug abusers are neglected, abused, and even abandoned. The current methods of dealing with this issue are not working. Our society needs to implement new and effective laws and programsRead Moreâ€Å"The War On Drugs Is A Big Fucking Lie†. In Recent History,1560 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The war on drugs is a big fucking lie† In recent history, there has been much rhetoric surrounding the eradication of cross-border drug trafficking. The â€Å"war on drugs† was introduced in the 1970s by Nixon, who wanted to eliminate the drugs coming into the United States, since they were seen by him as a threat to our nation. Many laws have been enacted with the purpose keeping illicit drugs out of the United States, yet they do so through the use of nativist ideology, which upholds white supremacyRead MoreUnited States War On Drugs Essay1575 Words   |  7 PagesStates’ â€Å"War on Drugs† been successful in reducing illicit drug abuse in the country? The â€Å"War on Drugs† is a term generally referred in America to the campaign aiming to reduce drug abuse in the country. The term first appeared in July 18 1971, when former U.S. President Richard Nixon started the campaign. However, on April 9, 2015, President Obama publicly announced that the policy has been counterproductive, and needs to be overhauled. Based on my research, I have concluded that the â€Å"War on Drugs†Read MoreBrotherhood Of Evil : The Mafia1674 Words   |  7 Pagesmanner in which the Federal Bureau of Narcotics (FBN) actively managed popular perceptions of drugs and organized crime in America—a threat it often abbreviated as ‘the dope menace’ or ‘narcotics evil’—and used police adventure stories to advance its domestic and foreign policy goals† (Pembleton 2015, p. 1) The publishing of Brotherhood started the association of drugs as a widespread disease and drug users as criminals who wanted to do harm to not only themselves but also others (Pembleton 2015)Read MoreThe Drug War Of The United States1626 Words   |  7 PagesThe drug war in the U.S. has been waged on civil fronts for over four decades and has not only proven to be not only futile but at times even more damaging to society than the drugs themselves. The once virtuous intent of this ‘war’ has been corrupted by police unions and dirty politicians who have turned it into a carefully crafted system of capitalistic enterprise, designed push their political agenda by perpetuating the myth that drugs are the primary threat to our nation. Zero tolerance lawsRead MoreProhibition and the War on Drugs904 Words   |  4 Pages Throughout history, campaigns against certain parts of life are frequently argued upon. Wars are in a state of flux, but a constant in America s policies is the Drug War. The government attempts to prevent the consumption of illicit and harmful substances, even shown in modern domestic policies. Yet with much effort, positive results was not usually yielded. Apart from the outcomes, prohibition has made a large impact on daily life. In the United States, prohibition of alcohol and

Impact of Socioeconomics and Geographic free essay sample

Arena Brethren What impact does socioeconomics and geographic exposure have on musical preference? Music is derived from persons roots and their history of said parties. Music evolves at the same fast paced rate as society and is typically influenced from previous genres. Music in specific geographical locations and socioeconomic environments are mostly created based on surrounding issues and hardships that face the parties involved. Many factors effect what musical preferences people enjoy such as ethnicity, background, the areas they reside within and basic Income.There is a wide variety in types of music in different geographical locations. For Instance, African music has had a long journey, The beat of the music that tribes created traveled with the Africans when sailing over to America. Eventually, reggae evolved in the Caribbean. In later years, African Americans started singing revolutionized versions of their previous music (Beebe 83). Using the beats of their ancestors, they eventually created gospel, blues, jazz, and etcetera. Even these genres would later branch off and evolve into more contemporary genres such as hip hop and rock n roll. Beebe) Other cultures also have their own music which have also evolved through time. The change seen In music can be attributed to the surrounding influences based on the creators musical preferences mixed with the influences of their socioeconomics environment as well as their geographical location. An individual growing up in a home with no support of a guardian and they must learn to be independent and they use music as an outlet due to the lack of no one to confide In. On the other hand. N Individual who grows up In a stable home where they receive attention and may learn to be independent over time may use music to express themselves rather than the individual who uses music as an outlet. These two examples are composed of completely deferent surroundings of how music preference can be formed. From these two types of examples, one may develop an idea of which social class those persons may reside in. In the United States, people have created stereotypes for the social classes which exist within the country.In the United States, there are three major social classes: lower, middle and upper _ The lower class has little education and the Individuals live In poverty. Many associate this class to listen to rap, heavy metal and country. Whether it is a viable part in what musical genres people are involved with, they listen to music and the work in the lower class are listening to various genres that express the anger that can be created through poor living conditions and unrewarding hard work. Rap and metal are two genres that are known to portray anger well.Some African American neighborhoods, that are considered the governments property, have more rap music than any other area. Another example resides within the prominent whites who live in trailer parks. For these low income workers, they are considered to listen to heavy metal or country (Emission 217). The music can be used as an escape from life and can radically change the mood of an individual. Music is also easily accessible and can be created with no basic formula. Music can be shaped and changed at ones will.Compositions of music can also be used to temporarily escape negative situations and channel energy and emotions. Whether that Just be a part of their culture or whether it be something to do with their low income and their moods. This is one reason it is believed that some of the most talented musicians have troubled backgrounds. (Emission) The middle class is considered to be eclectic. They listen to all types of music which includes rap, punk, country, electronic, pop, gospel, hip hop, blues, Jazz, Indies- rock, debuted etcetera (Forthwith 156). This may be due primarily to the fact that the middle class encompasses the largest percentage of the American population. Middle class people generally are happy since they receive some rewarding attributes in their lives while the lower class usually receives none. The middle class is more likely to reside in the urban and suburban areas of North America. Another reason this is that the middle class may spend their money in different ways than the there social classes. They may spend more towards items such as expensive cars and other items instead of living conditions.For this reason, some in the middle class may still live in lower class conditions and thus they will primarily listen to music associated with that of the lower class. This can be seen in a very specific study created by Adrian North and David Harvests. Part of the study was to include the way people spent their money. It indicates that within the middle class, those that spent their money more responsibly listened to similar music to that of the upper class. This group of people is distinguished from the less responsible group primarily based on how they regularly paid off credit card bills each month.They were generally interested in opera, musicals and classical music. The group that did not pay bills and credit cards off on time as frequently associated more with the music of the lower class. Their preferred genres were DC based music as well as hip hop and rap (North 481-483). These findings state that although money may affect musical preferences, the lifestyle led by the people within each group has one immense effect upon their preferences as well. Forthwith) (North) As for the upper class, they are considered to listen to sophisticated music such as classical, musicals and operettas.During the eighteenth century, the aristocrats or the upper class, would attend the well known Mozart and Beethoven symphonies (Emission 219). Unlike the lower class or middle class that live with less money, the upper class have either had their money handed to them from family members or In the U. S. A. , many people set stereotypes of musical preference with their social class. For example, lower income listen to rap, heavy metal or country, middle class people are eclectic and enjoy many types of music and the upper class enjoys musicals, operas, and classical music. These assumptions can be based off race. However, a study was conducted and stated that income is rarely associated with music preference. The study slims the stereotypes wrong. Yet it does not mean that most people in these classes do not listen to the types of music people associate them with such as blue grass, country, and hymns/gospel, parade, and rap/hip hop are all genres associated with the lower and middle class. (Micelle) Many people believed in the set and stone stereotypes of musical preferences ND how they relate to social classes. However, in the study above, those stereotypes were slimmed down.Emission stated that education was more influential than Just the original stereotypes that individuals have created. Manual workers and professionals may not like the same types of music More highbrow in the case of professionals, more lowbrow in the case of workers (Emission 214). In Norths study, the relationship between employment status and music preferences was also studied. Here, the relationship between music preference and age can be indirectly linked and explained. People that enjoy rock, Jazz, and pop were found to likely be employed. People that prefer the genres of opera, country, and classical music were mostly likely retired. People that enjoy DC based music, hip hop and rap, and dance music were mostly all involved in some form of full-time education. Although the study here was made related to employment status, an obvious correlation can be noticed based on age. People who are employed fall mostly within the middle aged bracket and listen to music created within their time. Retired individuals tended to listen to older versions of music. The retired group is armorial composed of older individuals.The people within the category of full-time education can also be compared with age, as people within this group are obviously primarily young. They listen to genres of music that are generally prominent among todays society, as well as music that has been created and that has thrived within a period of the last ten years, namely debuted, rap, and house music. (North) (Reenters) A large scale study by a group called Signal Patterns notes many significant connections between the way people learn and their personalities, linking these to their preferences of music.It states that the way people describe themselves can usually be linked to certain music. One example is that people who have good social skills and like to use them listen to fast paced, loud music laced with heavy amounts of percussion. Subsequently, people that describe themselves as reserved and honest listen to slow paced music that is not as aggressive. People that fall into the category of intellectuals are found to listen to music that can inspire them and that may portray more complex themes and emotions than other music genres. Lower class experiences hars h living conditions and hard work, they are typically ore prone to be angry. Listening to genres such as classical music or opera may relate to a more relaxed state of mind. People that are well past being financially stable have noticeably reduced stress levels due to them not having to constantly worry about living conditions and the ability to feed and take care of themselves along with their families. Mood plays such a large roll in music preference because it can elevate moods as well as channel anxiety and stress through a viable outlet. A study was conducted by a scientist, famous hacker, and graduate of the University of Alabama named Virgil Griffith.Within this study, a direct correlation can be seen between genres of music that the participating students listened to and said students SAT scores. While most alternative and rock music can be found spread all through the spectrum, certain genres stand out on either side. Rap and country is found to be associated with lower SAT scores while music such as Beethoven is enjoyed by people that score very hi gh. It should be noted that these are correlations and not causations. Other studies, such as one by North, also support these claims.People with higher educational values tended to lean towards the classical genres of music while hose that were not as educationally as. N. Y enjoy music created by Dos and other genres such as country music. One odd result showed that those that attend fee paying schools preferred not only opera music, but hip hop and rap as well. Those that attend state schools, on the other hand, preferred country, pop, and musicals. People that excelled in their educational status (such as people that received Pads and masters degrees) listened to Jazz, opera, blues, and classical music (Emission 214).This study may suggest that the educational status of individuals may not be a age contributor to what drives people to listen to certain music genres. Instead, this theory states that what people listen to based on education may be a direct correlation with age. (Emission) In a study created by North and Heaver, it is noted that people prefer others with similar musical tastes rather than those that had different tastes. This factor may contribute to why certain groups and stereotypes can be associated with specific groups. North) Geography has a cultural impact on the way music is listened to and how it is perceived. In the United States, certain stereo-types are associated with where an individuals may inhabit. People that live in an area associated with the creation or utilization of certain music genres generally tend to listen to their native brands of music. The South is known for country, rock n roll, gospel and rap; the Northeast is known for its classical music, operas, Indies-music and electronic/club music; the West is well-known for rap, alternative, punk, and pop; and the Mid-West for its Jazz.For the genre rap, there has always been a battle between east coast and west coast South. (Gross) (Labeled) Dirty South was a new creation of the genre rap by the African Americans who felt hat that Dirty South was a bold statement from rappers who felt estranged from Atlantas economic and social progress and excluded by their southerners from competing in a rap-music market dominated by New York and Los Angles (Greg 59). One of the first groups to emerge from this genre was known as Outcast. Looked down upon by many fans, they striver to become number one.In the year of 2004, they won th e Grammar Music Award and had millions of fans supporting them. Outcast influenced Dirty South because in the year of 2000, rappers from the South preferred the new genre Dirty South. This new rap was a blend of older African American music such as gospel, the blues and rock enroll. One artist stated We cut words off. Were lazy with our tongue. We really dont care about your diction . So, you know, youre going to have to rewind it a few times (Greg 60). By 2000, southern rap artists preferred promoting this while critiques thought it was a new style of hip-hop.Living in an area such as Atlanta where a new music is evolved will lead to the popularity of it, allowing the people there listen to it and influence it on everyone around them, especially the South. (Greg) Children grow up listening to their parents music and then create their own music preference in later life. A child will be more prone to like their parents music if their parents play it often for them. A study conducted by some researchers wanted to see if it would matter if the child had nurturing parents or non-nurturing parents. The researchers presented a survey to college students and asked about their parents musical preference. Then the college students were asked whether they would consider their parents loving and caring or consider their parents uncaring and not showing much attention to them. Then they were asked to score their parents favorite artists when listening to a soundtrack from that artist. It was found that college students who had loving parents were prone to favor their parents favorite artists more than those who had uncaring, distant parents. (Devon) Memories are vital to ones life.These memories make up who we are and how we go about our everyday lives. Memories are created every second of every day. When one listens to a song such as Motorcycle Drive-BE by Third Eye Blind, it could bring up a past memory such as that individuals mother. Songs can even bring up bad memories that an individual may want to forget or great memories they will want to cherish forever (Levities 204). That memory will change that persons music taste Just because of a song that reminds them of a bad memory. The same goes with friends and using drugs. The mind goes under a new state of consciousness and may create new music choices. Levities) (Panda) Drug use can also affect ones musical preference. Marijuana users may listen to music that stimulates their mind while under the influence of the substance. Genres such as Indies rock and reggae may coincide with the ladybird mood and feeling seers typically tend to listen to more stimulating genres such as fast paced techno and its submerges. These can aid the mind in creating hallucinations and make the trips more intense. One reason these types of music may be preferred by the listener is that often times the music is created either while under the influence of said drugs or for its users.A study was conducted on why more teens are using drugs in 1996. The results showed that friends who were under the influence influenced not only the marijuana drug upon their friends but also influenced the music that they listened to (Haywood 14). The study proves that individuals from the age group of thirteen to their early twenties used TECH to create a new music preference based off their experience with the drug. Most of the teens were under their peers pressure to use the drug which is why their music might have changed (Gross 60). Now more teens that were influenced by the drug, in all social groups and geographic regions, use this drug to create a similar music taste. (Gross) (Haywood) (New Findings) In 1941, a prominent sociologist named Adorn created a thesis that states that the reason for different types of genres of music are directed results of pre-existing social hierarchies and structures (North 476). Another study created in 1984 by Broodier recognizes that some music (as well as performances) may be easily accessible by some groups rather than others.It states that art pieces that may be sponsored or endorsed are more likely to be associated with the upper classes. An example of this is museum art as compared to non legit art. Since the upper class has the resources and means to be able to afford entry into museums, they are more likely to gain an appreciation for said pieces. An inverse relationship of appreciation an be seen here, as the lower classes are more likely to enjoy low brow art created for mass consumption for which they have the means to access. The same can be said for musical preference.Upper classes can easily afford to attended operas and symphonies while lower classes tend to associate with the other genres that do not require large financial profit. (North) Nathan Panda, an expert in the field of music and psychology, believes that living in a certain geographic location off place will play a part in music preference. However, the region of the area may have different musical tunes such as Alton Park and Soddy Daisy. These two both reside in Chattanooga but what is heard in Alton Park is completely different from what is heard in Soddy Daisy and vice versa.Two different types of music preferences exist within one region. Panda also believes that stereotypes of musical preference have been associated with socioeconomic classes in the United States before but that is now starting to change. Not only does the geographic and social class determine ones musical taste, parents also have a big impact as well. When asked Do you think listening to music when growing up will affect ones music choice? Panda replied Absolutely. She strongly agrees that parents influence a childs music taste because children like to mimic their parents to achieve their approval.Another question asked was What do you think about the conclusion of a higher education leads to more high art music choice? Panda did not think that higher education would lead to high art music nor did she believe that higher education leads to high art music and different music taste than those with a lower education. Panda also believes that drugs influence music preference. Drugs alter the state of consciousness which will lead to different music taste when under he influence. Music is a part of everyday life, whether an individual enjoys it or not. Panda) Music is derived from many cultures of the world. Beats and tunes are heard every where whether it is in a car playing on the radio, the internet, concerts, elevators, symphonies, word by mouth and so on. Music adapts quickly, from region to region. The tunes and lyrics are enjoyed by many and may impact lives. Music evolves at the same pace as society. As people and their lives change, music also evolves and is altered. The lives people lead affect their music preferences. The USIA peoples parents listen to as the person grows up plays a huge factor in what music preference the person has.As they grow up, peer influences and the radio play their part as well. The people they associate with contribute to their taste. As they age even more, many factors all come together simultaneously to craft all new genre preferences. These factors include all kinds of things such as if the person in question participates in the use of narcotics or other mind altering substances, what geographic location they reside within or spend most of their time in, the type of USIA that dominates their region, and even which social classes the individual is a part of.Social status and age seem to be the largest determinants of how to associate a certain individual with a specific genre or group of genres. This is based mostly on how easily accessible certain types of music may be. Those in the upper class are more likely to be exposed to genres such as opera and classical genres due to their ability to be able to spend money on attending its performance. The lower classes listen to the types of music that are prevalent on radio stations and may thrive within their area.The middle classes are the most difficult to associate with any brand of music because they are mostly eclectic and enjoy such a broad array of musical genres and artists. People of all ages have grown up listening to different types of music. In the contemporary era, most teens listen to rap, hip hop and other popular music while the people from the seventies will most likely listen to bands such as The Battles, Led Zeppelin, and Grand Funk Railroad. Music is derived from different backgrounds of several cultures around the world. Music preferences are based off ones social class and geographic location.

Sliding Mode Control

Question: Describe about the Control Philosophy and Controller Design? Answer: Introduction The parameter system theory has gained a certain amount of maturity in the past two decades. In the year 1960, the Russian scientists Butkovskii and Lerner have reproduced the root of this very field back to papers. Basically Distributed parameter systems are designed by differential equation. In terms of flexible link robots, the so called distributed nature of mass and rigidity is reflected by the partial differential equations (Wightman, 1972). There are few specific techniques such as eigenfunction expansion, apace quantization, space and time quantization and transfer function approximations which are used to convert the partial differential equations into specific difference equations (DeSaÃÅ' , 2001). In case of a multi-link robot, the equations of motion are non-linear and in general are not specifically known. Therefore, to control a robot can be achievable if each of the controllers joint is robust. Thus, for the control system of a sliding-mode controller is full of di sturbance. To achieve a control law a sliding-mode controller has to be arranged according to Lyapunov function. Additionally, to control the non-linear system in a proper order the sliding-mode technique may also be taken under consideration. The technique to control a multi-linked robot is discussed in the later part of this report. Control Philosophy Control philosophy is a part in which the assumption of the robots has to be clarified. In case of the motion related to a multi linked and flexible arm robot, is probably has consisted of two vital parts. The first said part is the gross motion or the average motion of the robot which is specifically the motion of the rigid body of the robot (Gagliardi, 2009). The second part is the disturbance related to the average motion of the multi-linked robot such as the vibration of the flexible arm of the robot. At the same time the motion is controlled by a controller. In the after step will be to accelerate the linked robot. To explain the control philosophy the sliding-mode and shaped-input controllers are taken into consideration. Controller Design The motion related equations of any kind of robot are linear in respect to the potential control, which is, the major system can be easily represented in the underneath given form x= f (x) + B (x) u, Controller- Sliding Mode Basically to be precise the particular motion of the major system that is controlled by a major mode controller can be evaluated potentially in two particular phrases (Potvin, 1985). The first basically includes the major forcing of the potentially important trajectory of the state, typically at any subsequent condition to a surface that is already pre-defined. Secondly to be brief it particularly involves sliding potentially from the identified surface to the subsequent state space or gap origin (Balasubramanian, Sivakumaran and Radhakrishnan, 2008). The major design of the needful controller is basically folded in two halves; basically both are for different purposes that are the subsequent selection of the desired surface eventually to produce the dynamics that are desired and the major selection of a law control which eventually forces the surface that is selected to be the major global attraction. Shaped Input Control Basically the next prolific step in the process of designing majorly involve the modification of the command input to the desired system in such a way that the system response must not contain any sort of harmonic thing or content (Arthur, 1982). Basically to systematically produce the periodic response that is needed to any of the major command input, the impulse way or sequence is adjusted with the input command, and this basic modification of the input prolifically produces the response that is desired or needed. To be very specific this controller can be prolifically used to control certain parts like the hand of the robot which is subjected to the motion of point to point. Basically the two inputs that are impulse shaped prolifically cancels the vibrations only in the instance if the frequency which is natural and damping of the desired system are exactly be known (Bartelt, 2007). The frequencies that are natural of the link that are multi-flexible basically are the major functi ons of the link positions, basically implying that the frequencies that are natural prolifically change with the position of the link. Results of Experiment Basically the needful test-bed for the control-strategy is actually a flexible link. To be very precise it is actually a two-flexible-link mechanism (Lees, 1993). Every needful link is much less flexible when prolifically compared to the other link and it is potentially elongated and driven on a directly basis by a motor termed as servo and it is different from the other second link which prolifically employs a major gear train basically which helps the prolific use of the motor which is smaller in size. The necessary system which is sensory authorized mainly contains two small cameras, whose work is to detect the major deflection of the links from the tip from their rigid, tough body positions (Applied technology and instrumentation for process control, 2004). The other CCD cameras which are also very important with other motor shafts prolifically detect the major deflection through the major infra-red light emitting diodes which are basically mounted at the uppermost tip of the lin ks. Prolifically a single link was used of the experiment basically to make understand and evaluate the controllers that are proposed. At the initial stage the major system was prolifically controlled using the most simple feedback controller termed as PD which actually damps out the major vibration and which can be positively proved and explained o be virtually stable via the work energy rate principle (Instrumentation fundamentals for process control, 2002). The outcome or the feedback was potentially chosen to bring out or produce the response that is under damped. Conclusion In the above mentioned report, few generalized concepts such as the sliding-mode and shaped-input techniques have been suggested to control the flexible or rigid multi-linked robots (Chopey, 1996). The design process which is described here is two-fold; which has showed the specific design to control a rigid body as well as the design to control a flexible multi-linked robot. The controller is designed for the rigid body motion that requires producing proper dynamics. Mainly, at the point when the controller of the rigid part is designed, the required system equation can be assigned with the rigid body to the operating point (Johnson, 1982). This is a suggested control strategy on an experimental basis to be executed to run a flexible or rigid multi-linked robot. References Applied technology and instrumentation for process control. (2004).Choice Reviews Online, 42(01), pp.42-0324-42-0324. Arthur, R. (1982).Application of on-line analytical instrumentation to process control. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Ann Arbor Science Publishers. Balasubramanian, G., Sivakumaran, N. and Radhakrishnan, T. (2008). Adaptive Control of Neutralization Process using Neural Networks.Instrumentation Science Technology, 36(2), pp.146-160. Bartelt, T. (2007).Instrumentation and process control. Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning. Chopey, N. (1996).Instrumentation and process control. New York: McGraw-Hill. DeSaÃÅ' , D. (2001).Instrumentation fundamentals for process control. New York: Taylor Francis. Gagliardi, J. (2009). The Calibration Process: Inspection, Measuring, and Test Equipment Control.Biomedical Instrumentation Technology, 43(3), pp.225-227. Instrumentation fundamentals for process control. (2002).Choice Reviews Online, 39(10), pp.39-5830-39-5830. Johnson, C. (1982).Process control instrumentation technology. New York: Wiley. Lees, F. (1993). Reliability in instrumentation and control.Journal of Process Control, 3(2), p.135. Potvin, J. (1985).Applied process control instrumentation. Reston, Va.: Reston Pub. Co. Wightman, E. (1972).Instrumentation in process control. London: Butterworths.